南屏Nanping
had its beginnings during the
元朝Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) as a small village whose southwest background is the
南屏山Nanpingshan (Nanping mountain), hence the fate of the village's name. Near the end of the dynasty, a man settled here and started the dominant
叶宗族Ye clan. By the
明朝Ming dynasty (1368-1644), two major clans joined in - the
程Cheng and the
李Li.
Due to these clans competition, the village developed rapidly. Today there exist some 300 Ming and Qing houses, among them are 8 ancestral shrines, 72 alleys, and 36 "eye-wells". While I was there, I lived in a building of the Ye family. Mr Ye told me there were about 400 households here, most of which are of the Ye clan, with a population of a thousand. And that the village had been openned to public for about 6-7 years, following
西递Xidi and
宏村Hongcun in the 1990s.
关麓Guanlu was last, following Nanping.
Nanping's main historical attractions are its ancestral shrines, built from wealth gained through official positions; among them are the Ye's 叙秩堂Xuzhitang and 奎光堂Kuiguangtang. Inside these shrines are their unparralleled wood pillars, which are massive in their appearance and weight and are supported with carved stone bases. Both are built during the Ming. Its other distinct designs are its 眼井"eye-wells"; these are wells with 3 small bucket-size holes in its mouth rather than one large openning - so that a small child will not fall in. Also of interest are its numerous maze-like network of narrow lanes, which are said to be 72 in number - a Daoist magical number, like the 72 peaks of 黄山Huangshan mountain or the 72 transformation of 孙悟空Sun Wukong,
the monkey lord of the great Ming novel 西游记Journey to the West. Nanping is not nearly as big as Xidi or Hongcun, but its alleys are more varied, less even and have different heights and levels to move up and down.