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Beijing has a long history. Ignoring its prehistoric beginnings, its prominence within Chinese civilization can be traced back about 3000 years to the 春秋战国Spring and Autumn Warring States Era (about 770-221), where the state of 蓟Ji established itself on present Beijing. Later, the the well-known state of 燕国Yan took over and it became its capital, then known as 燕京Yanjing or 燕都Yandu. From the first dynasty 秦朝Qin(221-206) onward it was treated with importance.
But it wasn't until the 元朝Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) that the Mongols made it a capital (then called 大都Dadu) of an empire. When 明朝Ming dynasty (1368-1644) drove out the Mongols, the chosen capital was 南京Nanjing (South Capital), and the Mongol capital was renamed 北平Beiping. But after 朱棣Zhudi (the fourth son of the Ming founder) took over the throne by force, he had Beiping renamed to 北京(North Capital) Beijing,
and moved his court there inside the new palace, which is the present 故宫Gugong (Palace Museum or Forbidden City). Beijing remained the capital through the 清朝Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). However, during the latter half of the 民国Republican Era (1912-1949), Nanjing became the capital again while Beijing was reverted back to its early Ming name, Beiping. With the establishment of 中华人民共和国People's Republic, Beijing regain its long-standing position.
With the rare luck of being the host of successive emperors and more than 700 years of imperial heritage, Beijing easily surpasses others as the political and cultural hub of China. The ancient city has alot to offer: the great imperial palace and gardens, the magnificent temples, the large square, the Great Wall, the operas, the museums, the hutongs, the hills and lakes, the food and many others. All of which are world-class. The several times I had returned to China, I had visited this city. It is a big diverse place that takes time to know. And with the advent of the August 8, 2008 Beijing Olympus, many more people will enjoy this place too.